Everything about Karl Theodor Anton Maria Von Dalberg totally explained
Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg (
February 8,
1744 –
February 10,
1817) was
Archbishop-Elector of Mainz,
Arch-Chancellor of the
Holy Roman Empire, and afterwards primate of the
Confederation of the Rhine and
Grand-Duke of Frankfurt.
Biography
Born in
Herrnsheim, he was the son of Franz Heinrich, administrator of
Worms, one of the chief counsellors of the
Elector of
Mainz. Karl had devoted himself to the study of
Canon law, and entered the church; and, having been appointed in 1772 governor of
Erfurt, he won further advancement by his successful administration; in 1787 he was elected
coadjutor of Mainz and of
Worms, and in 1788 of
Konstanz; in 1802 he became Archbishop-Elector of Mainz and Arch-Chancellor of the Empire.
As statesman Dalberg was distinguished by his patriotic attitude, whether in ecclesiastical matters, in which he leaned to the
Febronian view of a German national church, or in his efforts to galvanize the atrophied machinery of the Empire into some sort of effective central government of
Germany. Failing in this, he turned to the rising star of
Napoleon, believing that he'd found in the truly great man, the mighty genius which governs the fate of the world, the only force strong enough to save Germany from dissolution.
By the
Treaty of Lunéville in
1801, in which all territories on the left bank of the river Rhine were ceded to France, Dalberg had to surrender Worms, Constance and also Mainz. However, he retained
Aschaffenburg and in
1803 gained the
Reichstädte Wetzlar and
Regensburg as well as the territory of the
Bishop of Regensburg. Since Mainz had been annexed by France, Dalberg's Archiespicopal see was transferred to Regensburg as well.
In
1806, he, together with other princes, seceded from the Holy Roman Empire and joined the
Confederation of the Rhine. He formally resigned the office of Arch-Chancellor in a letter to Emperor
Francis II and was appointed by Napoleon
Prince primate of the Confederation of the Rhine.
In 1806, the
Reichsstadt Frankfurt was included among his territories and after the
Treaty of Schönbrunn, he was elevated to the rank of a
Grand Duke of Frankfurt. Thereby his territories were greatly augmented, though he'd to cede Regensburg to
Bavaria.
In 1813 he resigned from all his offices, except the
archbishopric of Regensburg, in favour of Napoleon's stepson
Eugène de Beauharnais, who had been heir apparent since 1810.
He died in
1817 as Archbishop of Regensburg.
Though politically Dalberg's subservience to Napoleon was resented by the following generations, as a man and prelate he's remembered as amiable, conscientious and large-hearted. Himself a scholar and author, he was a notable patron of letters, and was the friend of
Goethe,
Schiller and
Wieland.
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